Bell Curve and Normal Distribution Definition

The term bell curve is used to describe the mathematical concept called normal distribution, sometimes referred to as Gaussian distribution. Bell curve refers to the bell shape that is created when a line is plotted using the data points for an item that meets the criteria of normal distribution. In a bell curve, the center contains the greatest number of a value and, therefore, it is the highest point on the arc of the line. This point is referred to the mean, but in simple terms, it is the highest number of occurrences of an element (in statistical terms, the mode). Normal Distribution The important thing to note about a normal distribution is that the curve is concentrated in the center and decreases on either side. This is significant in that the data has less of a tendency to produce unusually extreme values, called outliers, as compared to other distributions. Also, the bell curve signifies that the data is symmetrical. This means that you can create reasonable expectations as to the possibility that an outcome will lie within a range to the left or right of the center, once you have measured the amount of deviation contained in the data.This is measured in terms of standard deviations. A bell curve graph depends on two factors: the mean and the standard deviation. The mean identifies the position of the center and the standard deviation determines the height and width of the bell. For example, a large standard deviation creates a bell that is short and wide while a small standard deviation creates a tall and narrow curve. Bell Curve Probability and Standard Deviation To understand the probability factors of a normal distribution, you need to understand the following rules: The total area under the curve is equal to 1 (100%)About 68% of the area under the curve falls within one standard deviation.About 95% of the area under the curve falls within two standard deviations.About 99.7% of the area under the curve falls within three standard deviations. Items 2, 3, and 4 above are sometimes referred to as the empirical rule or the 68–95–99.7 rule. Once you determine that the data is normally distributed (bell curved) and calculate the mean and standard deviation, you can determine the probability that a single data point will fall within a given range of possibilities. Bell Curve Example A good example of a bell curve or normal distribution is the roll of two dice. The distribution is centered around the number seven and the probability decreases as you move away from the center. Here is the percent chance of the various outcomes when you roll two dice. Two: (1/36) 2.78%Three: (2/36) 5.56%Four: (3/36) 8.33%Five: (4/36) 11.11%Six: (5/36) 13.89%Seven: (6/36) 16.67% most likely outcomeEight: (5/36) 13.89%Nine: (4/36) 11.11%Ten: (3/36) 8.33%Eleven: (2/36) 5.56%Twelve: (1/36) 2.78% Normal distributions have many convenient properties, so in many cases, especially in physics and astronomy, random variations with unknown distributions are often assumed to be normal to allow for probability calculations. Although this can be a dangerous assumption, it is often a good approximation due to a surprising result known as the central limit theorem. This theorem states that the mean of any set of variants with any distribution having a finite mean and variance tends to occur in a normal distribution. Many common attributes such as test scores or height follow roughly normal distributions, with few members at the high and low ends and many in the middle. When You Shouldnt Use the Bell Curve There are some types of data that dont follow a normal distribution pattern. These data sets shouldnt be forced to try to fit a bell curve. A classic example would be student grades, which often have two modes. Other types of data that dont follow the curve include income, population growth, and mechanical failures.

Similar To Power Struggles, Even When Conversations Occur

Similar to power struggles, even when conversations occur they seem rehearsed and predictable. Fortunati describes a particular conversation in 1984 where even though the exchange does occur, the dialogue is didactic. The conversation appears forced and stimulated. Winston essentially repeats O’Brien as Winston has been conditioned to have the same mindset (Fortunati 143). In Brave New World, Bernard and Helmholtz try to have a conversation with the World Controller when he threatens to banish them from the island, but the World Controller fails to change his mind (Huxley 220). This extreme control over conversations and power struggles leads to a loss of identity. ]] The loss of identity allows individuals to fit within the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ninety-six identical twins working ninety-six identical machines!† (Huxley 7). While this loss of identity is apparent, the measures taken to ensure this loss are equally notable. Marxism examines the a venues through which the powerful suppress the powerless, specifically techniques of dehumanization and conditioning are prevalent in dystopian literature. Brainwashing techniques are often used sneakily and unobviously to change the subconscious of individuals. â€Å"They have been brainwashed into happiness, and whenever brainwashing cannot wholly work drugs can assist . . . [problems vanish] . . . Along with indecision, suffering, human cruelty on a personal level, have been cast out creativity, independence, a sense of self. Individuality, the crux of centre of the human condition has gone† (Calder 73). As the characters lose each of these things and become increasingly conditioned, they become more dehumanized. Advertising and upbringing are forms of subconscious conditioning because when the characters are constantly surrounded by these images and ideas they start to accept them as truth (Calder 73). Dr. Bransom, in A Clockwork Orange, states â€Å"But most of the roots are Slav. Propaganda. Subliminal penetration† (Burgess 129). Bransom explains that the basis of their conditioning technique is through the subconscious. They believe that this will change the root of the problem as changing the subconscious changes feelingsShow MoreRelated1984: Governments Attempt to Control the Mind and Bodies of Its Citiz1253 Words   |  6 Pages1984: Governments Attempt to Control The Mind and Bodies of Its Citizens The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is an American classic which explores the human mind when it comes to power, corruption, control, and the ultimate utopian society. Orwell indirectly proposes that power given to the government will ultimately become corrupt and they will attempt to force all to conform to their one set standard. He also sets forth the idea that the corrupted government will attempt toRead MoreThe Between Religion And Science1651 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology, are worshipped in similar ways that the god of religion is worshipped. The machines can be perceived as gods because they are more perfect than man, and man holds God in that same light, above humanity. In The Machine Stops, the Machine not only becomes the â€Å"mother/parent† to the world, it becomes a self-fulfilled prophecy: the Machine being worshiped becomes the actual God, controlling all aspects of life. An example of this occurs during a conversation between Kuno and his mother:Read MoreAnalysis Of The General Observation Is The Narrator Of Cane1288 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, the general observation is that Toomer is the Narrator of Cane. 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Anorexia3 Essay Example For Students

Anorexia3 Essay ?Anorexia is a condition that affects every part of you, your body, and your mind. In theworld that we live in, where on every magazine cover, every tv show, and even in your homeroom, you see beautiful, skinny girls that seem to have everything they want. They seem to bepopular, always happy, and have the perfect body. Many girls that are just beginning to gothrough adolescence feel that to be these perfect girls, they have to be skinny. They turn toAnorexia is a serious eating disorder, in which girls have an intense fear of becomingfat. The diagnostic criteria, although not all patients with anorexia experience thesesymptoms, are characteristics of anorexics. Anorexics have a refusal to maintain body weightat or above a minimally normal weight for age and height. Their weight loss leading tomaintenance of body weight is below 20% of the expected body weight of healthy individualsat the same age and height. Some anorexics have a distorted body image of themselves,leading them to be lieve they are fat, even if they are seriously underweight. The physical signs that can be seen or felt are dramatic weight loss in a relatively shortperiod of time, skeletal look, sunken eyes, dry, yellow, or grey skin, thinning hair, hair growthon arms, legs and other body parts in effort to keep heat in, loss of body muscle and fat,dizziness and headaches, complaints of often feeling cold, fainting spells, inability to sleep,exhaustion, and their period stopping or never startingThe psychological characteristics of anorexics may include an obsession with weightand complaining of weight problems, obsession with continuous exercise, visible foodrestriction and self-starvation, isolation and fear of eating around and with others, self-defeating statements after food consumption, low self-esteem, needing acceptance fromothers, perfectionistic personality, mood swings, and depression. Unseen dangers of an anorexic are a shrunken heart with an irregular beat, low bodytemperature, brittle bones, low blood pressure, slower pulse, and stunted growt h. Self-starvation, if not treated, eventually leads to heart and kidney disorders, organ failure, andThere are many reasons why a young girl becomes anorexic, but in many cases, thegirls are high achievers, and try to please those around them. They may be the girls you knowthat are straight-A students and have busy schedules. This perfectionistic personality leadsthem to believe that to make their family, friends, teachers, and coaches happy, they need tobe perfect, and thin. Although they seem as though they have everything going for them, theyhave low self-esteem and may not want to grow up. Many cases develop at the ages 11 or 18,the beginning and ending of adolescence, when girls at both stages are entering a new phasein life. In past cases, the typical anorexic was a white teenage girl from a middle-class goodhome. Now, anyone can suffer from anorexia, including teenage boys. Anything can trigger the girl into thinking she must be thin. Sometimes constantteasing from classmate s and peers can make a girl believe that if she were thin, nobody wouldbe making fun of her. A sexually, physically, or mentally abusive parent may trigger a girl intoThe girl starts off on a diet, usually not very serious. She will start restricting whatfoods she eats and how much. Instead of a normal 2200 calories a day diet, she may drop to1200, or 800 calories a day. When someone comments on how good she looks, or that shehas lost a few pounds, she thinks, If they think I look good now, wait until they see me 5pounds lighter, then 5 pounds lighter than that. Eventually the girl is starving herself, eatingonly very low calorie, low fat foods, such as a handful or grapes, two spoonfuls of yogurt, anda few sips of water as a meal. Soon, she gets used to being hungry, and she physicallyEating disorders are common in sports that emphasize being thin.According to a1992 American College of Sports Medicine Study, eating disorders affect nearly 62% offemales in sports such as figure skat ing, ballet, and gymnastics. Many athletes develop eating disorders to please coaches or judges. One commentfrom a coach or judge to lose a few pounds to get extra lift on a flip can cause serious damageto the athlete. In the case of Christy Henrich, at a 1988 meet, an US judge told her she wastoo fat and needed to lose weight if she wanted to make the Olympic Team. She battledanorexia and bulimia for six years. Her lowest weight was 47 pounds. On July 26, 1994, atthe age of 22, she died of multiple organ failure at a hospital. .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d , .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .postImageUrl , .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d , .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d:hover , .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d:visited , .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d:active { border:0!important; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d:active , .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud668d2c997111833f2cb659105aa921d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salsa Music EssayThose athletes that are especially at risk are ballet dancers. They have great pressureto have the ballet physique, the look of the genre of the veritably, the length of the spine, theopen stance and the lean look. The young dancer feels if she never has these features, shewill never be a great dancer.All during class dancers are told to hold up their stomachs, sothey have a thin profile. Also, they are constantly looking in mirrors and comparing themselvesto the other dancers in the class. They are seeing who is thinner than they are, and think theyneed to lose weight to be the best dancer in the class. The sad thing about anorexia is many never totally o vercome it. They may spend timein a hospital at the beginning of their treatment, to gain back lost weight. They have to go tomany psychologists and therapists to resolve conflicts and improve self-esteem. Manypatients may seem to recover, just to fall back into starving themselves, or other harmful eatingpatterns. Up to 30% of all anorexics die of complications of the disorder, or from suicide fromthe depression. With psychiatric help, about 1/3 of all patients overcome this disorder. An important thing for anorexics to remember is that they are not alone. Many normalteenage girls fall into the dangerous disorder of anorexia. It may seem like the famousactresses, models, and those girls in your school have everything, and that they are perfect,but the truth is everyone is insecure about themselves, and nobody is ever happy all the time. Anorexia is such a dangerous disorder that nobody should starve themselves to have theperfect body society makes them believe they must have. 1. Bode, Janet. Food Fight. New York: Simon Schuster Books for2. Erlanger, Ellen. Eating Disorders. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications3. Sonder, Ben. Eating Disorders: When Food Turns Against You. 4. Eating Disorders. Nutrition and Fitness. MacMillan Health5. Thompson, Colleen. Athletes and Eating Disorders. Online. Available:http://www.mirror-mirror.org/athlete.htm 6. Eating Disorders in Ballet Dancers. Online. Available:http://www.something-fishy.org/ed-5.htm Bibliography:

What Makes a Confident Person free essay sample

The easiest way to be confident in yourself is to stand up straight and be proud of yourself, no matter what you look like. Be proud of Just who you are, not what other people thinking should be. Being confident is all about learning to love the skin youre in. Wake up each morning with a positive thought in mind. Instead of looking In the mirror and naming all the negative things, pointing out things I dont Like about myself, I point out things I like about myself.Get Involved In something that your good at, show off your talents. It will make you Inspire more of others, that alone should make you smile. If you dont take a stand, and be more, you will Just end up losing your goal and get lazy, Instead of pursuing with all you have,because Its want you want. Just like the saying lift up your head princess, your crown Is falling, Before you can do anything to help others you have to believe that you can do It. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes a Confident Person or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page EvenIf all you can do Is look confident then you have proved to the people what you are really worth. To act confident Is to be confident, to look, you have to have the nerve to do so, resulting in confidence. To be confident you must act so, or youll lose respect from peers. When you know yourself, you are empowered. When you accept yourself, you are invincible. Everyone is holding back something, really think about your self, are you willing to let go of that security cover and show pure, release?So youre scared of that person that make fun of you? Well let me tell you this, they feel bad about themselves, so they bring you down, make you hide, WHO CARES! They are going to do what they want.